Writing a research paper proposal

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

B-Plan for Entrepreneurship and SMEs

Question: Discuss about the Report for B-Plan for Entrepreneurship and SMEs. Answer: Company Overview The business plan has been developed on the basis of the business operations of a US-based shoe store business name The Shoebox. Modern business innovation model, technological efficiency and demand of fashionable shoes in the US market have provided a significant opportunity to the shoe business retail store. In the below section, the mission statement, vision statement and business core values of the organization has been identified. Mission Statement The primary agenda of the business of The Shoebox store is to deliver superior quality products and unmatched retail services to their target demographics. Also, the retail store aims to investigate some latest trends to drive the industry. Moreover, for the better services and products diversification, The Shoebox has identified the most eligible business entities. Vision Statement Through the identification of current competitive challenges in the retail shoe industry in the US market, brand recognition is one of the most evident things. Additionally, by providing latest, fashionable and trendy products at an affordable price tag, the organization has to enter its name among the best retailers in the US shoe industry (Seelye and Mack, 2015). Business Core Values Through the identification of latest trends in the US retail shoe industry, The Shoebox has determined to include inclusiveness, design elegance and unmatched retail services to the target demographics profile. Ideally, the retail store wants to investigate the consumer's touch points through efficient communication and marketing channels (Hartley and Ingilby, 2007). Understandably, adequate market research and e-commerce business development have been included within the core values to enhance the brand identity in the retail industry. Objectives The SMART objectives of The Shoebox have been presented as follows. Specific: The typical objective of the retail business of The Shoebox is to improve the revenue figure by month-on-month basis. Clearly, the income margin has to be increased by 5% on yearly basis to say the least. Measurable: In terms of business growth, the number of the target demographics profile must be increased creating networking channels. Meanwhile, each month two significant corporate clients must be included in the business model to increase the networking channel. Achievable/ Attainable: The skills and knowledge must be improved on a regular basis so that the sales executives can contribute to the sales figure in a considerable way. Further, technological efficiency and e-commerce growth must be achieved within the first six months (Anzengruber, 2015). Relevant: The marketing and advertisements of the retail store must be engaged to the appropriate goal. Moreover, the realistic deadline must be set to complete the social networking promotion and retail store promotion within the first couple of quarters. Time-bound: By considering the robust development of the retail shoe industry in the US market, smart deadlines must be set for strategic development, marketing and e-commerce development. Probably, one year time will be crucial to complete the entire management. Products The Shoebox will offer premium quality leather shoes to the target customers as the primary product of the retail store. Quality materials with a manageable price will be the key selling point to the retail store (Rossi, 2008). Moreover, the store will categorize the products in diversified segments such as classic shoes, formal shoes, athletic shoes, fashionable shoes and leather accessories both for men and women. Also, the retail store will focus on providing shoes of well-renowned world class brands such as Gucci, Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Puma and many more. The e-commerce website will be elegantly designed and maintained so that customers can check out latest available shoes and leather accessories of their most preferable brands (Fulmer and Goodwin, 2008). Customers In order to improve the business standards and sales, identification of significant customer segment will be crucial for a new brand. Through the notification of modern trends and style icons of young as well as office goers in the US market, the retail store has got a large collection of the verity of brands for people age group between 16 and 70. Each of the shoes will deliver something different as per the requirement of the target demographics. Also, children shoe section has been positioned for additional benefits (Arkebauer and Miller, 2009). Particularly, for ladies customers, leather handbags, fashionable leather cases and other latest designer products have been displayed to catch the eye of the target demographics. Industry and market analysis Industry The analysis of the factors in the industry that may influence the new business has been presented using the PESTLE analysis herein below: Political Factors: The political instability in the US market may create problem for the company. The new business must considering the changing legislations such as tax rates and licensing needs before starting the business (Swann, 2016). Economic Factors: The USA is the most developed economy with high per capita income of the people (Kochan, 2016). The income level of the people supports the growth of business in the US market. Social Factors: Currently, the USA has a mixed cultural population that demands trendy footwear (Wardell, 2009). Furthermore, the people of the USA are regular user of internet that provides the company with opportunity to grow its business using digital marketing tactics. Technological Factors: The Shoe industry in the USA has all sorts of supportive technology that can be helpful for the company to grow its business (Wardell, 2009). Legal Factors: In terms of legal factor, the business needs to get registered under the US Company Act to develop a website. Furthermore, the company needs to meet all legal obligations related to selling leather shoes in the US market (Swann, 2016). Environmental Factors: It is important to note that the people of the US have got more concerned about the environment. Hence, it is important to consider the environmental obligations that are required to be followed for a retail shoe store (Kochan, 2016). Customer It can be seen that the US market has a good customer profile using sports and fashionable shoes. In order to improve the business standards and sales, identification of significant customer segment will be crucial for a new brand. The company will target customers from age between 16 and 70 because of its variety of products. Each of the shoes will deliver something different as per the requirement of the target demographics (Arkebauer and Miller, 2009). Particularly, for ladies customers the company has different range of products that include leather handbags, fashionable leather cases and other latest designer products. Competition Shoebox needs to face a high level of competition in the market because of existence of large number of rivals in the market. There are a huge number of well reputed brands in the market operating for a long period of time (Jamali, Lund-Thomsen and Jeppesen, 2015). Along with that, the new trend of online stores makes it difficult for the company to establish its new shoe store business. Furthermore, the store is located at a core market area that has many well reputed companies that will provide Shoebox with a high level of competition. Internal Business Strengths and Weaknesses An analysis of internal business strengths and weaknesses has been described herein for further discussion point of view. Strengths Latest Marketing Resources: The recent marketing ideas and developed marketing platforms available to The Shoebox store have given effective strengths to the business model. The digital marketing concepts and e-commerce marketing have also contributed to sales. Brand Partners: The retail store has engaged with significant brands in the US market such as Adidas, Nike, and Puma so that the brand image of The Shoebox will be highlighted at the industry level (Handley and Benton, 2009). Location of business: The location of the retail store of The Shoebox is another significant plus point for business perspective. The Shoebox store has been located around the posh market area where a maximum number of shoppers visit on a regular basis. Weaknesses Management inefficiency: Management inefficiency has somewhat contributed to the lack of revenue generation. Understandably, the role of the management has been a weak link to the business scenario of The Shoebox (Papatheodorou, 2016). Market competitors: Other retail shoe stores in the US market such as Clarks Store, Skechers, ALDO, and ECCO Stores have provided significant market competition to the business of The Shoebox. Therefore, stern market competitiveness is a weakness to the business. Dependency on sales of footwear: Moreover, the revenue and profitability of The Shoebox have massively dependent on the sales of the footwear and shoe products. Hence, such dependency of sales of products has been a weakness of the business structure. Business Differentiation Shoebox will focus on business differentiation using a unique organizational structure. The company will have a store manager who will work under the two partners. Furthermore, the company will employ experienced online marketers and on-store sales executives (Johnson, Webber and Thomas, 2007). The business will be differentiated using digital marketing tactics and unique products made out of premium quality leather. Shoebox will hire designer who will design unique shoes for the company (Faler, 2011). Along with that, the company will also sell other popular branded shoes in the store at cheaper price as compared to other competitors to different its brand. The company will take customized orders for special customers to differentiate its brand in the market. Competitive Advantages The primary competitive strategy of the company is to provide the shoes at a relatively lower price to gain good hold over the market. Along with that, The Shoebox will use digital marketing strategy by developing a website to attract customers through online platform (Enos and Kaysen, 2007). The website will act as a virtual store for the company that will increase its market reach. Along with that, the differentiation of the product and customized orders will act as a competitive advantage for the organization (Faler, 2011). The location of the shoe store at a core market area will also act as a competitive advantage for the company. Marketing Strategy Target Market Strategy Through the identification of massive target market of the US, the operating cost of the business of The Shoebox is quite affordable. On the other hand, the growing retail shoe industry and the e-commerce platform have given corporate sustainability to the business structure of The Shoebox (Padoan and Arzeni, 2010). By identifying the mission and vision of the business, The Shoebox has perfectly applied the available market resources to get the maximum response from the target demographics. Moreover, the premium product quality and the affordable price tag can be identified as the key points to attain a significant competitive edge over the market rivals. Marketing Mix Product: The Shoebox store has identified sustainable and trendy shoe products suitable for the target demographics profile. The organization has established the retail store and e-commerce website to sell footwear, shoes and leather accessories of premium quality. Also, the products of renowned world class brands such as Nike, Puma, and Gucci have influenced the brand image of The Shoebox (McMahon, 2014). Price: Through significant market research, The Shoebox has identified the most suitable product pricing standards in the competitive US market. Meanwhile, for regular shoes, the store has priced US$40 to US$56. On the other hand, the fashionable and premium quality brand products have been offered to the customers at a higher range such as US$65 to US$80. Also, a special discount of 5% to 10% has been applied in the case of online shopping. Promotion and advertising: In promotion and publicity, The Shoebox has utilized Google AdWords, Social media advertising, transportation advertising and electronic advertisements to catch the eye of the target demographics (Day, 2007). Also, the e-commerce website has played a significant role in product promotion through significant draws and store events. Also, some of the traditional marketing concepts have been used to spread Word-of-mouth. Placement: In product distribution and placement, The Shoebox has directly purchased the products from the manufacturers so that the retail business will get a significant boost. Such direct sales technique can deliver significant profitability on sales. Moreover, direct purchasing strategy can ensure that products will be offered to the target demographics at the most reasonable price tag (Whitney and Israel, 2008). Sales Strategy (monthly forecast for two years) The target sales figures for the new business have been given herein below to present the sales strategy of the company. It has been planned that the company will target to increase the sales by 25 percent after every quarter of the year (Tresca, 2013). Furthermore, it is estimated that the direct cost for buying the products would be 50% of the sales value. In other words, the company will keep a margin of 50% to sale the products in the market. SALES FORECAST 1st Year Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Revenue Footwear $40,000 $40,000 $40,000 $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 $62,500 $62,500 $62,500 $78,125 $78,125 $78,125 $691,875 Accessories $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $12,500 $12,500 $12,500 $15,625 $15,625 $15,625 $19,531 $19,531 $19,531 $172,969 TOTAL SALES $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 $62,500 $62,500 $62,500 $78,125 $78,125 $78,125 $97,656 $97,656 $97,656 $864,844 Direct Cost Footwear $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $25,000 $25,000 $25,000 $31,250 $31,250 $31,250 $39,063 $39,063 $39,063 $345,938 Accessories $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $6,250 $6,250 $6,250 $7,813 $7,813 $7,813 $9,766 $9,766 $9,766 $86,484 Total Direct Cost $25,000 $25,000 $25,000 $31,250 $31,250 $31,250 $39,063 $39,063 $39,063 $48,828 $48,828 $48,828 $432,422 SALES FORECAST 2nd Year Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Revenue Footwear $97,656 $97,656 $97,656 $122,070 $122,070 $122,070 $152,588 $152,588 $152,588 $190,735 $190,735 $190,735 $1,689,148 Accessories $24,414 $24,414 $24,414 $30,518 $30,518 $30,518 $38,147 $38,147 $38,147 $47,684 $47,684 $47,684 $422,287 TOTAL SALES $122,070 $122,070 $122,070 $152,588 $152,588 $152,588 $190,735 $190,735 $190,735 $238,419 $238,419 $238,419 $2,111,435 Direct Cost Footwear $48,828 $48,828 $48,828 $61,035 $61,035 $61,035 $76,294 $76,294 $76,294 $95,367 $95,367 $95,367 $844,574 Accessories $12,207 $12,207 $12,207 $15,259 $15,259 $15,259 $19,073 $19,073 $19,073 $23,842 $23,842 $23,842 $211,143 Total Direct Cost $61,035 $61,035 $61,035 $76,294 $76,294 $76,294 $95,367 $95,367 $95,367 $119,209 $119,209 $119,209 $1,055,717 Operation Strategy In the operation business model, The Shoebox must apply unification model to identify the market standards and best practices in the US retail industry. Thus, identifying the target demographics, management moves, human resources, suppliers, distributors and marketers, the best business structure can be produced to get a sustainable advantage. The retail store must utilize efficient technology, decorations and interior designing and skilled subordinates to represent the business image to the target demographic profile. Also, the operations strategy must evaluate the terms related to purchasing the products from the manufacturers (Buliga, 2014). The direct purchasing system must be controlled in a systematic way so that the cost of inventory can be reduced to a certain margin. Evidently, the e-commerce must have been managed in a tactical way to improve the sales at the online premises. Critically, the marketing section must be illustrated at the highest standards so that the brand recognition will be enhanced in the target market. Moreover, the financial resources and accounting management for both the online and retail business must be maintained orderly to enroll purchasing, inventory, operating costs and other adjacent costs (West, 2008). In this way, a sustainable position in the market can be achieved through instrumental operations strategy. Management In order to construct the best management structure, marketing manager, sales manager, inventory manager and accounting manager must be hired to control the activities of the marketing, sales, inventory and financial sections. All of the four managers must be liable to report to the CEO of the organization. In this way, significant control can be delivered in every aspect of the business. Also, the managers must overview the performance of the executives to identify if any improvements or encouragement will be needed for better productivity (Zupancic and Mllner, 2008). Explicit knowledge and influential attitudes of the managers and organizational subordinates can implement the best possible practices effective for maximum return. Moreover, as the stores profitability and sales revenue are largely dependent on the sales of footwear products, sales executives must be hired in a professional way to select the best in the business. Along with that, efficient training and performance management system must be introduced within the organizational framework to increase the sales and revenue figures. Meanwhile, the role of internal employees and external associates in the business environment must be identified to increase the sustainability of the US retail market. Viably, significant partnerships with shoe manufacturing brands and corporate attachment will be effective for further business growth. Start Up capital The start-up funding has been presented below for better understanding. It can be seen that the company needs $200,000 to begin the shoe store business (Luximon and Luximon, 2009). Out of the $200,000, start up expenses would amount to $30,000 and start-up assets will be of $170,000. The two partners of the firm will invest $50,000 each. The rest of $100,000 will be arranged by taking a loan of $50,000 from bank at a rate of interest of 10% p.a. and an interest free loan from family members of $50,000. Start-up Funding Start-up Expenses $30,000 Start-up Assets $170,000 FUNDING REQUIRED $200,000 Assets Non-cash Assets $20,000 Cash Requirements $100,000 Inventory $50,000 Cash Balance TOTAL ASSETS $180,000 Liabilities and Capital Liabilities Current Borrowing Long-term Liabilities $50,000 Other Current Liabilities (interest-free) $50,000 TOTAL LIABILITIES $100,000 Capital Owner $100,000 TOTAL PLANNED INVESTMENT $100,000 Loss at Start-up ($30,000) TOTAL CAPITAL $70,000 TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES $170,000 Total Funding $200,000 Profit and loss forecast The project profit and loss account has been presented that shows the estimated revenues and earnings of the company for the next two years: PROJECTED PROFIT AND LOSS Particulars 2017 2018 Sales $864,844 $2,111,435 Direct Cost of Sales $432,422 $1,055,718 Other $0 $0 TOTAL COST OF SALES $432,422 $1,055,718 Gross Margin $432,422 $1,055,718 Gross Margin % 50.00% 50.00% Expenses Administrative expenses Salary $75,000 $150,000 Depreciation $2,000 $2,000 Insurance $5,000 $15,000 Loan Interest Paid on bank finance $5,000 $5,000 Payment of loan taken from relative $5,000 $5,000 Rent, Phone and Internet $12,000 $24,000 Payroll Taxes $11,250 $22,500 Other $2,718 $10,000 Total Administrative Expenses $117,968 $233,500 Sales and Marketing Website $20,000 $10,000 Google AdWords $5,000 $10,000 Social Media Marketing $10,000 $20,000 Newsletter and Mobile Advertising $10,000 $20,000 PR Events $10,000 $20,000 Total sales and marketing $55,000 $80,000 Total Operating Expenses $172,968 $313,500 Profit Before Interest and Taxes $259,454 $742,218 Taxes Incurred $38,918 $111,333 Net Profit $220,536 $630,885 Net Profit/Sales 25.50% 29.88% It can be seen from the above table that the new shoe store business will earn a net profit of 25.5 percent in the first year and 30 percent in the next year, which is a good figure to proceed with the investment plan. Break Even Point The formula given below is used to calculate the breakeven point: Break-even Unit = Fixed Cost / (Average Unit price Average Variable Unit Cost) Assumptions: Fixed Cost = $100,000 Average Unit Price = $150 Average Variable Unit Cost = $105 Therefore, Break-Even point = $100,000 / ($150 - $105) = 2222 units Hence, it can be seen from the above analysis that the company needs to sell around 2222 units of all products to reach the level of break-even points (Hyvnen, 2014). In terms of sales revenue, the break-even point would be $333,330. Hence, the company must earn $333,330 of revenue in the first year to continue with the new business. It is estimated that the company will reach the break-even point by the end of 3rd month with the estimated sales projection. Cash Flow Management The projected Cash flow statement for the new business has been presented herein below: PROJECTED CASH FLOW Particulars 2017 2018 Cash in Hand $100,000 $359,454 Cash from Operations Cash Sales $864,844 $2,111,435 TOTAL CASH FROM OPERATIONS $864,844 $2,111,435 Expenses Direct Materials $432,422 $1,055,718 Administrative expenses Salary $75,000 $150,000 Depreciation $2,000 $2,000 Insurance $5,000 $15,000 Rent, Phone and Internet $12,000 $24,000 Payroll Taxes $11,250 $22,500 Other $2,718 $10,000 Total Administrative Expenses $107,968 $223,500 Sales and Marketing Website $20,000 $10,000 Google AdWords $5,000 $10,000 Social Media Marketing $10,000 $20,000 Newsletter and Phone Calls $10,000 $20,000 PR Events $10,000 $20,000 Total sales and marketing $55,000 $80,000 TOTAL SPENT ON OPERATIONS $162,968 $303,500 Additional Cash Spent Other Liabilities Principal Repayment $5,000 $5,000 Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment $5,000 $5,000 TOTAL CASH SPENT $605,390 $1,369,218 Net Cash Flow $259,454 $742,218 Cash Balance $359,454 $1,101,672 References Anzengruber, J. (2015). Discovering Gaps in Internationalization Competences of SMEsa Comparative Case Study of Austrian SMEs.BMS, 1(1). Arkebauer, J. and Miller, J. (2009).Leading edge business planning for entrepreneurs. Chicago, IL: Dearborn Financial Pub. Buliga, O. (2014).Measures for Innovating Business Models. Dordrecht: Springer. Day, R. (2007). A microeconomic model of business growth, decay and cycles.Unternehmensforschung Operations Research, 11(1), pp.1-20. Enos, J. and Kaysen, C. (2007). United States v. United Shoe Machinery Corporation.Journal of Marketing, 22(2), p.231. Faler, P. (2011).Mechanics and manufacturers in the early industrial revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press. Fulmer, W. and Goodwin, J. (2008). Differentiation: Begin with the consumer.Business Horizons, 31(5), pp.55-63. Handley, S. and Benton, W. (2009). Unlocking the business outsourcing process model.Journal of Operations Management, 27(5), pp.344-361. Hartley, M. and Ingilby, J. (2007).Making boots, shoes clogs. Otley: Smith Settle. Hyvnen, H. (2014). Operations Maintenance Business Model TransformationMultiple Case Studies.ME, 05(13), pp.1161-1170. Jamali, D., Lund-Thomsen, P. and Jeppesen, S. (2015). SMEs and CSR in Developing Countries.Business Society. Johnson, S., Webber, D. and Thomas, W. (2007). Which SMEs Use External Business Advice? A Multivariate Subregional Study.Environment and Planning A, 39(8), pp.1981-1997. Kochan, A. (2016). Actis and the shoe industry.Assembly Automation, 16(3), pp.30-31. Luximon, A. and Luximon, Y. (2009). Shoe-last design innovation for better shoe fitting.Computers in Industry, 60(8), pp.621-628. McMahon, R. (2014). Equity Agency Costs Amongst Manufacturing SMEs.Small Business Economics, 22(2), pp.121-140. Padoan, P. and Arzeni, S. (2010).SMEs, entrepreneurship and innovation. Paris: OECD. Papatheodorou, A. (2016).Corporate rivalry and market power. London: I.B. Tauris. Rossi, W. (2008).Profitable footwear retailing. New York: Fairchild Publications. Seelye, A. and Mack, R. (2015). Factors Influencing Consumption: An Experimental Analysis of Shoe Buying.Journal of Marketing, 19(3), p.302. Swann, J. (2016).Shoemaking. Princes Risborough: Shire. Tresca, R. (2013). Global Business Networks and Competitiveness of SMEs.Symphonya. Emerging Issues in Management, (1). Wardell, W. (2009). Wholesale Shoe Findings Business.Journal of Marketing, 14(2), p.355. West, A. (2008).A business plan. London: Financial Times Pitman Publishing. Whitney, B. and Israel, M. (2008). A Working Model of the Financial Dynamics of a Business.Operations Research, 6(4), pp.573-579. Zupancic, D. and Mllner, M. (2008). International Key Account Management in Manufacturing Companies: An Exploratory Approach of Situative Differentiation.Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 15(4), pp.455-475.

Project Based Management FREP Handheld Business - Professor Notes

Question: Discuss about the Project Based Management for FREP Handheld Business. Answer: Introduction This essay depicts the critical analysis of a chosen business case namely as FREP Handheld Business Case. The essay illustrates the reason behind the development of the business structure. During the project development phase, cost benefit analysis is made to understand whether the business is commercially beneficial or not. In order to develop the organizational structure and business framework, different improvement oriented business cases are determined by different organization. It has been found that, in most of the cases frequent adaptation of wrong business cases are declining the revenue growth of the business. Before implementation of a project in the real world application, proper budget estimation and reason behind the project implementation is needed to be understood, by the development team (Nolan and Lang 2015). The design approach, information system, training and development programs arranged for the employees working on a particular project, helps to reduce the cost efficiency and ongoing running cost of the project (Hou et al. 2016). The essay demonstrates the viability of FREP Handheld Business Case. It has been found that particularly for FREP, there are certain features that might drive the typical investment oriented to handheld and the features missing from FREP business are as follows: Critical analysis on FREP Handheld Business Case During analysis of FREP Handheld Business Case it has been found that, the business case helps to improve the existing business composition, through developing a project based on the requirements of the consumers (Geddes et al. 2016). The business case provides many decision making tools which helps to take appropriate decision for the commercial growth of the organization on the other hand, the total budget estimated for developing a project, is based on the long term and short term view of the total cost savings tools. During developing the project for FREP Handheld, the developers should focus on the incremental cash flow management process and also on the quantitative as well as qualitative valuation process (Zimmermann and Werner 2013). The most important component that is required to be focused by the development team is the risks that might occur during the development and execution of the project. The key components of the business case are business strategic development, risks analysis based on the decision making points. Addition of Information technology in the existing business needs huge investment (Liang et al. 2014). This particular business case is referred to as beyond the financial investment. For future sustainability and potential commercial growth, every individual feature of the handheld investment is considered. Background and environment of the project The FRPA (Forest and Range Practice Act) resource evaluation program based on FREP is referred to as an environmental control and monitoring program which is committed by the government of British council (Vinuesa and Contreras-Moreira 2015). The FREP business project will help to evaluate that all the activities associated business are meeting the pre determined objectives. The quality assurance management found that not even a single business approach is meeting the requirement of the business. In the public sectors also the quality management is measured (Meikle and King 2013). The project flow implies that the development is moving towards on the right track. Certain important factors such as strong leadership management, top level management commitment, training and development program are considered while developing the successful business project (Niemller et al. 2016). The main issue related to FREP is that it does not introduce any quality audit programs and safety devices. A conceptual framework is developed which is known as FREP quality assurance model. The model demonstrates the general process, links and the need of the program and project as well (Nagar and Suman 2014). The quality assurance criteria hold different project criteria in terms of development, monitor, control, and achievement. The QA can be expressed in the program level in terms of designing, planning, and business framework and business structure (Lee et al. 2013). The further implementation strategy of the organization will mainly focus on all the aspects of quality assurance. On the project level the quality control system is introduced for monitoring and control. In order to monitor and control data collection, management and analysis and reporting certain protocols are developed by the business process (Amato et al. 2015). It can be said that in order to improve the overall quality of a project, continuous development in quality assurance and control is needed to be adapted by the business process. Some quality tools such as self assessment, check sheet or score card, systematic diagram, cause and effect diagram are identified that are used to improve the quality of the project. Discussion on the project business case Definition of the project The project is developed to mitigate the issues that are continuously evolving in the business process. It can ensure the reliability and the scientific credibility by documentation of different quality metrics (Kshetri 2014). The function and purpose of the project are as follows: Functions Purpose of FREP Conformance 1. To enhance the reliability, flexibility, scientific credibility of the business process. 2. To reach the quality control target determined for every individual area of the project (Lonner et al. 2015). 3. To achieve the regional data consistency. 4. To increase the accountability for the stakeholders and public as well (Zimmermann and Werner 2013). Improvement 1. Helps to determine the quality metrics 2. Performance can be improved 3. Enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of the project. 4. Reach the quality control target determined for every individual area of the project (Swenson 2013) 5. Helps to increase the accountability for the stakeholders and public as well. 6. Provides protection to the program so that no such unwanted changes could occur. Costa and waste reduction 1. It will reduce the cost, redundancy and waste (Lonner et al. 2015). 2. Provide protection to the programs avoid sudden changes 3. The values of the resources get maximized. The components of the project are as follows: FREP components Activities Indicators QA metrics Business tools FREP team 1. Reference terms 2. Members of team 3. Project lead 1. Reference terms 2. Representative of the target stakeholder Publishing FREP web Roles and responsibility of the matrices and process flowchart. EE project 1. Project plan and charter 2. Training for the members Website publish Team monitoring and control RSM 1. Project plan 2. Project management training Communication 1. Official website 2. Report 3. Industry 4. Public 5. Protocols 6. Meetings 7. Stakeholders 1. Information and document update 2. Focus test Sheet checking Budget Value of the money Involvement of the stakeholders Process of consultation Particularly for this project the sponsors are divided into four different key groups. Different data are required to be collected by the data collection tea members (Lindman, Kinnari and Rossi 2014). Then analysis of those data will help to select which of the data set are valuable and which data sets are not. The MoFR information management Group plays the role of system implementation and in the workplace proper evaluation and integration of the collected data is done by the sponsors (Nolan and Lang 2015). On the other hand, the external users or the license providers are another group of sponsor for the FREP project. Evaluation of the project business case In order to evaluate the FREP Quality Assurance Framework certain phases are needed to be maintained by the development team. However, proper management of implementation strategies, monitoring and control methodologies should be adapted to achieve best practices for the project (Meikle and King 2013). Many protocols are developed while implementing the business model of FREP. The in the initial phase the environmental management system is considered and then proper auditing practices are used to guide the management process. It will validate the external stakeholders and management system as well. Though, this step is costly and time taken as well. Formal external recognition is needed to be adapted to mitigate the issues (Nagar and Suman 2014). Statistical process control process should be developed to achieve continuous improvement and principle practices. Cost Benefits analysis In order to implement the business process cost benefit analysis is required to be done so that a balanced can be maintained between the investment and the return from the business or the organization can get commercial benefit from the competitive market place (Vinuesa and Contreras-Moreira 2015). The cost benefit analysis is nothing but the feasibility study for this project. The feasibility study helps to measure whether the business is commercially beneficial or not (Kurnia, Karnali and Rahim 2015). If the business outcome implies that the project is not beneficial then further additional technologies will be added to the existing business process. Tangible Benefits Category In $US Reduced cost $ 160,000.00 Reduced error cost $ 80,000.00 Enhanced flexibility $ 40,000.00 enhancement in the activity speed $ 40,000.00 planning and control cost $ 19,000.00 Rest $ - Total Tangible Benefits $ 339,000.00 Tangible One-Time Costs Category In $US Complete improvement cost $ 170,000.00 Adaptive hardware cost $ 37,000.00 Adaptive software Cost $ 60,000.00 Cost estimated for training and development $ 1,800.00 website development cost $ 2,000.00 Rest $ 2,000.00 Total Tangible One-Time Costs $ 272,800.00 Tangible Recurring Costs Category In $US Maintenance cost $ 15,000.00 Data storage cost $ 1,200.00 Communication cost $ 1,600.00 line cost for hardware and software $ 1,500.00 Suppliers cost $ 1,000.00 Rest $ 1,500.00 Total Tangible Recurring Costs $ 21,800.00 In order to develop the entire project, from the project initiation up to completion of the project a minimum 6 months needed (Lindman, Kinnari and Rossi 2014). Data collection their analysis and evaluation in an organized manner will lead to proper execution of the project in the real world application. Before implementation of a project exact time management is needed to be followed so that after project implementation the consumers feel satisfied with the service served by the service providers. On the other hand it can be said that, information technology rather technological advances are the main factor that can mitigate the different data oriented risks that generally interrupt the genuine flow of the business process. Adaptation of digital platform will provide proper data management. Factors Time required Feasibility study in terms of cost benefit analysis 4 to 5 days Audit or budget estimation 2 to 3 days Statistical management control system 5 to 6 days Environmental control management system 4 to 5 days Continuous improvement of the handheld project 5 to 6 days External recognition 4 to 5 days Internal recognition 4 to 5 days Preventive approach 8 to 10 days Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that the main requirement of the business case is to identify the risks that might hamper the exact flow of the project in an organization. During migration of the system from one platform to another, risks have been occurred. Delay in the normal schedule flow, are interrupted due to the staffing of resources. Inconsistencies in the contractors are another risk that interrupts the genuine data collection and data analysis process. Loss of meaningful data will create dissatisfaction among the consumers as they will not be able to gain their desired resultants. Lack of proper training and development programs will lead to system failure. Therefore all the members who are associated to the project development team must provide proper commitment. In order to mitigate these issues the FREP project team has adapted certain business structure and model as well so that the issues can be mitigated easily. On the other hand, handheld project are found to be much beneficial than the non handheld business cases. Therefore, complex data are captured from various resources relocate the impact of the project success. References Amato, K.R., Leigh, S.R., Kent, A., Mackie, R.I., Yeoman, C.J., Stumpf, R.M., Wilson, B.A., Nelson, K.E., White, B.A. and Garber, P.A., 2015. The gut microbiota appears to compensate for seasonal diet variation in the wild black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra).Microbial ecology,69(2), pp.434-443. Geddes, J.R., Hockett, H.E., Quirk, A.J. and Whetstone, K.R., INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, 2016.TECHNOLOGY FOR STALL DETECTION. U.S. Patent 20,160,004,577. Hou, F., Gao, T., Liu, T., Jia, Z., Liu, Y., Sun, C. and Liu, X., 2016. Identification of 10 transcripts of FREP in penaeid shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.Fish Shellfish Immunology,58, pp.436-441. Kshetri, N., 2014.Global entrepreneurship: environment and strategy. Routledge. Kurnia, S., Karnali, R.J. and Rahim, M.M., 2015. A qualitative study of business-to-business electronic commerce adoption within the Indonesian grocery industry: a multi-theory perspective.Information Management,52(4), pp.518-536. Lee, G.W., Na, S.H., Kim, K.H. and Huh, E.N., 2013. Smart Home and Cloud Interworking System (SHCI) Architecture Design for a Cloud broker based Smart Home Environment.International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology,5(12), p.441. Liang, F., Feng, C., Lu, X. and Xu, Z., 2014, March. Performance benefits of DataMPI: a case study with BigDataBench. InWorkshop on Big Data Benchmarks, Performance Optimization, and Emerging Hardware(pp. 111-123). Springer International Publishing. Lindman, J., Kinnari, T. and Rossi, M., 2014, January. Industrial open data: case studies of early open data entrepreneurs. In2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences(pp. 739-748). IEEE. Lonner, J.H., Smith, J.R., Picard, F., Hamlin, B., Rowe, P.J. and Riches, P.E., 2015. High degree of accuracy of a novel image-free handheld robot for unicondylar knee arthroplasty in a cadaveric study.Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research,473(1), pp.206-212. Meikle, P. and King, S.A., 2013. Cross Border Community Research, Opportunities and Challenges: Case Study Analyses.Delta Journal of Education,3(2) Nagar, N. and Suman, U., 2014. Architectural Comparison and Implementation of Cloud Tools and Technologies.International Journal of Future Computer and Communication,3(3), p.153. Niemller, C., Metzger, D., Fellmann, M., zcan, D. and Thomas, O., 2016. Shaping the Future of Mobile Service Support SystemsEx-Ante Evaluation of Smart Glasses in Technical Customer Service Processes.Informatik. Nolan, D. and Lang, D.T., 2015.Data Science in R: A Case Studies Approach to Computational Reasoning and Problem Solving. CRC Press. Swenson, K.E., 2013.Humans on display: searching for purpose among museum exhibits featuring live humans(Doctoral dissertation). Vinuesa, P. and Contreras-Moreira, B., 2015. Robust Identification of Orthologues and Paralogues for Microbial Pan-Genomics Using GET_HOMOLOGUES: A Case Study of pIncA/C Plasmids.Bacterial Pangenomics: Methods and Protocols, pp.203-232. Zimmermann, J. and Werner, J.R., 2013. Mimetic Isomorphism: Crisis as a Driver of Change and Convergence. InRegulating Capitalism?(pp. 119-131). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Thursday, April 23, 2020

What Lay Behind the Horror of the Slave Trade free essay sample

What lay behind the horror of the slave trade? In order to understand what lay behind the horror of the slave trade you first need to know how the slave trade worked firstly the slave trade was a cruel and bad thing to do it worked when one of the European boat went to the Atlantic ocean they would go to the small villages from Africa such as Ghana and the Europeans would take guns, cloth and alcohol to Africa, trade it for some Africans to be their slaves secondly the European would take the slaves to America finally the Europeans would take back raw materials such as cotton, sugar, tobacco and coffee.There were people involved directly and indirectly. Firstly the slave trade stared of in Europe, there were many people involved in Britain for example there were people involved directly in Britain such as merchants they were involved because they wanted to bring back sugar to Britain but they needed a ship they did this to earn a profit. We will write a custom essay sample on What Lay Behind the Horror of the Slave Trade? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Captains and crews of a ship were involved directly because they would sail their ship tot the Atlantic Ocean and the captain would navigate and the crew would do what the captain says they did this to earn wages and have a job so they can o something. Their were people involved indirectly such as people who make the slave sips such as spinners, weavers, dyers, blacksmiths, wood workers, rope makers and flag makers these people were involved because they made the boat for captains and crew to buy it the boat makers did this so they could earn money and a living.Another kind of people involved indirectly is people from all over Britain who went to ports such as Liverpool to service other people like captains/crews these other people like shopkeepers are involved because they would move their shops to Liverpool r other ports like Liverpool to service people like captains and crews and sell them stuff like beer they did this to earn wages and the people who brought stuff from the shop k eepers, they would have to pay for what ever they brought from the small businesses.People from all over Britain making good were involved indirectly they are involved because bits of England like Sheffield make swords and knifes, to sell to people in Africa so they could get black slaves, they are involved because they gives their goods to Africa to get black slaves, these are the kind of people who were involved from all over Britain directly and indirectly. As a result of all the people who were directly of indirectly involved ports like Liverpool grew bigger for example in the 1 700 the population was 5,000, by 1800 the population was 80,000 because of TTT slave trade the population grew a lot.Secondly their were people who were involved in the slave trade from Affair for example their were people who were at the coast of Africa such as white traders they would trade their goods such as guns, cloth and alcohol for slaves the traders would trade the manufactured goods to the Afri can trade hey are involved because they represent the merchants and they were alls earn money.Another kind of people who were directly involved were the African traders they were involved because they capture Africans from the small villages and from the raids, they would also give the Africans they have captured from wars they would also have to march the Africans they brought with them they did this for the good they got and for a profit. Another kind people involved were white sailors they were involved because they would check, brand and whip the Africans to the small boats before going onto the gig boats, they did this because they want to earn a living and money they were employed by the merchants, their were people involved from the inlay such as kings and chiefs they were involved because they trades slaves for guns, cloth and alcohol they got the slaves from wars they did with other pa of Africa they did this because some chiefs and kings want their part of Afar( to be rich and powerful, some Of the chiefs Of Africa did it to defend their PC of Africa.Finally there were ordinary people involved they were involved because they were captured their were alto of skilled people who were featured some of the small parts of Africa lost its most skill full people because of this the their were less farmers to grow food, less blacksmith to make things out of metal, less wise womens to give advise and less wood workers t o make stuff out of woods this shows because they were captured all the African the skills were lost and nothing was left.Because of all the trading of guns there were more wars in Africa then ever before, also because of all the wars and raids that has happened the land that were dissented became waste land and millions of people had died from the wars or were killed from raids. Finally their were people who were involved in the slave trade from the Americas for example native Americans were involved because the Europeans took over their hunting land they had no animals to hunt and EAI for food they fought back but then the Europeans then used black Africans their plantation and some of the native Americans worked on their plantations.Another kind of people involved were the slaves on the plantations they were involved because 60% of field hands were women. Children would start to work at the age of three. Their were gang leaders HTH would have a bit more respect then the other sla ves the elderly people will sees work. They would work for 16 hours a day they would do the work the) were told to do and they could buy their freedoms at time.House slaves were involved because they would have to do work like serving the foods and if you ran away you would get a terrible punishment they had to do the work that they were told to do and they would have to put up with their masters or mistresses mood swings, finally another kind of people involved were white people in the plantation the mater of the slaves would be on the plantation some times the over seer would whip the black Africans who did not ho the bob they were told to do and the overseer would look over the slaves on a horse so he can have a proper view to see what the slaves were doing and if they were doing their job this shows that the overseer would be paid for doing his job, the masters of the plantation owners needed the slaves to work on his/hers plantation and the owner of the plantation owner would get money from selling all of his grown crops.Because of the slave trade some of the Native Americans died from the diseases the Europeans brought back, starvation because the Europeans took over their hunting land and the Native Americans died from fighting back for their hunting grounds. In addition by saying this is that what lay behind the horrors of the slave trade it was very miserable and disappointing. No one should have been treated the way the black African slaves were treated. And if the triangular slave trade did not happen then We would not have had the industrial revolution and if it wasnt for the black African slaves who did not grow tobacco cotton or sugar for us we would not have had it from this day on but they should not have been treated any differently to the Europeans who brought the slaves.

Tuesday, March 17, 2020

Advancements in Telecommunications essays

Advancements in Telecommunications essays Today, telecommunications technology affects lives to a greater degree than ever before. Communication has evolved over many years from the earliest attempts at verbal communication to the use of sophisticated technology to enhance the ability to communicate effectively with others. Every time a telephone call is made, a television is watched, or a personal computer is used, benefits of telecommunication technologies are being received. The concept of telecommunications may be defined as the transmission of information from one location to another by electronic means. Telecommunications is using electronic systems to communicate. Life is changing constantly and has been changing faster since the rapid advancements in telecommunication. Because of continuing attempts to find better and more efficient ways to communicate, the process of communication has steadily improved. Many of these improvements were made without the use of electronic technology. Human beings earliest attempts at communication were through nonverbal means such as facial expressions and gesturing. The use of these nonverbal signs, prehistoric people were able to communicate emotions such as fear, anger, and happiness. More specific motions, such as pointing, allowed them to convey more information. Verbal communication probably started with a series of disorganized but meaningful sounds (grunts and snarls). These sounds slowly developed into a system of organized, spoken language that truly allowed humans to share information (Croal 59). Writing, which is the use of symbols to represent language, began with early cave drawings, progressed to picture writings such as hieroglyphics, and finally evolved into the handwritten language we use today (Croal 61). As civilization developed, people found it necessary to communicate their ideas to one another over greater distances. The earliest method of transporting information was to carry it from place! Alt...

Sunday, March 1, 2020

Professional Tips to Improve Your Literary Analysis Writing

Professional Tips to Improve Your Literary Analysis Writing Short and Easy Guide for Writing a Literary Analysis Many students dislike writing literary analysis and see no point in doing this. However, the task is a great practice for developing an analytical intuition and critical thinking. No matter what your teacher asks you to write: a short paragraph that explains some facts about a piece of literature or an analytical essay that consists of several pages, your preparation shall start from understanding the aim of the work. Reading a book, a novel or a poem, we accept the text as a whole. In other words, we see a completed imaginary picture. However, if we start to think about the written words more carefully and analyze each sentence, phrase or even a word, we may see a lot of information that is not very obvious, however, is interesting and valuable to a reader. Literary analysis is just like reading between lines. It allows us to see another side of written information and great shades of its meaning. In the beginning it may sound boring to you, however, later you may even find it interesting and intriguing. How to Read a Text for Literary Analysis Any analysis starts with reading the text that you are going to analyze. However, this time try to read the text more thoughtfully, finding answers to the following questions: What is the message the author wanted to share intentionally? Usually, itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s the easiest question to answer. You have just to read the text and to understand the information it gives. What is the true personality of the main characters? This question needs careful thinking. Try not only to notice direct descriptions of the characters but also to analyze their actions and the conditions that influenced them. Sometimes you may even discover real-life prototypes of the literary characters or those real-life figures that donated their features to the novel heroes. Why the author chose certain writing means and ways? Creating a poem or a novel, authors are trying to choose the size, tone, and language that would help to create the most appropriate atmosphere for the described event. Very often we do not notice these methods. However, if we look deeper, we will see the great work that stands behind each literary masterpiece. Moreover, sometimes an author may use special elements unintentionally. However, these elements may reveal some additional information about an authorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s attitude to the described events or characters. What a Literary Analysis Is Developing a clear understanding of what literary analysis is, you will find the best way of analyzing the texts. In fact, literary analysis is an essay that helps to understand a piece of literature in a better and deeper way. It may be aimed at analyzing the whole text or understanding some characters or events described in the text. No matter which type of literary work you are supposed to analyze, the methods that are used for that will be the same or will slightly differ. In order to make your literary analysis detailed and informative, you shall start with separating a text on some parts and elements to work with each of them. Analyzing text, you shall pay attention to those elements that are less obvious, for example: the connection between the main information that an author wanted to express and the methods and words that were chosen for expressing it; the connection between the plot and the sub-plot of a literary work; the connection between the described events and the reality of the author. Sometimes itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s also wise to learn more about the author himself, trying to understand the personality and the possible mood of the writer. You may discover a lot of elements that could be influenced by some events from the childhood of the author, reflection of his political or moral views, etc. A Short Definition of Literary Analysis Literary Analysis is a detailed and complex analysis of elements and expressive methods that are used by an author for discovering and defining their effects on a reader and their role for expressing the main idea of the text. The literary analysis concentrates on a theme, topic, characters, plot, methods, and devices created or chosen by an author. Structure and Format of Literary Analysis Just like any other writing work, the literary analysis shall be properly formatted and structured. This helps to group and organize the information in a more logical and comfortable to read way. The structure of your literary analysis is similar to others essay that you used to deal with: Introduction; Thesis Statement; Body paragraph; Final Conclusion. Introduction The introductory part is aimed at telling your reader what the essay is about. It shall include elements like: Data about the analyzed piece of literature: title, a name of the author, year of creation and other information that may be helpful for identifying the subject. A statement or statements that may express the main aim of your essay. A thesis statement that shall be a final part of the introductory paragraph. It shall be short, laconic and very informative. Some writing experts advise to include a question that you are going to answer later in your essay. There is an easy way to check if the introductory paragraph is informative enough. Check if it answers the following questions: WHO: the information about an author and its creation. WHAT: the main question or issue that is going to be solved. HOW: the methods and ways that are going to be used in order to reach the aim. WHY: the idea about how the results can be used in real life, for which purposes and why the author of the essay choose the topic. Body Paragraph The common mistake of many students is writing the body of an essay as a single paragraph. This part of an essay is the biggest and most informative. It can be difficult to read or to understand it. ThatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s why itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s better to write two or more paragraphs with several sub-paragraphs if necessary. There are also several great tips that can help you to write a great body paragraph: Use a separate paragraph for each statement or an idea. ItÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s better to express the main idea at the beginning of the paragraph. Check if it coincides with the general idea of an essay that is mentioned in the thesis. Supporting your ideas with some facts can be useful. However, itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s also necessary to support your ideas with extracts from the piece of literature and quotes. For this purpose, you can use extracts of dialogues or monologues of the characters. Try to understand and to describe an authorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s choice of literature techniques instead of giving simple definitions to them. End each paragraph with some important information. Psychologists say that readers will accept information better if itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s given at the beginning and at the end of a paragraph. Sometimes itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s very difficult not to step away from the main aim. To avoid that, check if each of your paragraphs corresponds to the main topic mentioned in the introductory part. Conclusion The final part of the essay is shorter but not less important than the body part. Some students think that the conclusion is a short and very laconic rewrite of the body paragraph. However, itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s wrong to think this way. The conclusion part is aimed at answering the main question that was described or mentioned in a thesis. It also shows how the statements that were mentioned and described in the body paragraph support the main conclusion. 5 Common Types of Literary Analysis There are several types of literary analysis. They differ due to pieces of literature they describe, their main aim and methods that are used for analysis. Here, we describe some of the existing types that are commonly used for academic programs: Close Reading This type of analysis is used for noticing and analyzing small details and parts of the text. For example, in this case, great attention is paid to some minor actions, gestures of the characters, choice of words, etc. This type of analysis allows noticing the smallest elements of the general picture created by an author and understanding it in a better way. Theoretical Unlike the type that is described above, the theoretical type of analysis is more concentrated on the general idea or some key elements. This analysis allows evaluating the main theory described in the literary work. It may also include a comparison between the described theory and other possible theories connected to a subject. Comparative This type of analysis means that a writer of an essay compares two or more elements that may have a connection to the piece of literature. In fact, there are different subtypes of the comparative analysis. It may be a comparison between two elements or characters that are used in the same text, a comparison between two literary works of the same or different authors, etc. Contextual This type of analysis requires a careful investigation of the historical, geographical and cultural background of the events that are described in a novel or a poem. This analysis is helpful for a better understanding of the information that is given in the authorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s text. Applied The applied type of literary analysis is aimed at revealing your own attitude to the written text. Many students think that this means that writing an applied analysis can be less difficult than dealing with other types of analysis. In fact, itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s not really true. This type of analysis allows you to be more creative, however, it never means that the analysis shall look less critical and deep. Usage of Examples for Literary Analysis Using correct and illustrative examples may be a great method to support and explain your statements. Which examples can be used? Description of similar situations from your personal experience or experience of some people you know. Description of situations that are related to more understandable reality. For example, an explanation of how an event mentioned in an analyzed historical novel could be interpreted nowadays. Describing situations that are mentioned in other pieces of literature. Alternative Solution ItÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s always a nice way to read some additional guidelines or explanations and to practice for a while before writing an excellent literature analysis. However, studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ life is more complicated than it may appear. Sometimes students have too much work, feel unmotivated to write an essay or simply think that working on an essay or another type of writing assignment can ruin some of their great plans. ThereÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s always an alternative solution for situations like that. For example, applying to our writing service in order to receive some help! If something goes wrong with the preparation of your writing paper, thereÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s no need to worry. We are always ready to save you!